How to Grow an Olive Tree from Seed

Olive trees are usually propagated from cuttings or grafts, but it is possible to grow them from seed. The process takes longer, yet it can be rewarding for gardeners wanting to experiment or raise heritage trees. In Australia’s climate, olive seeds germinate best when carefully prepared and grown under warm, controlled conditions.

To start, seeds should be harvested from ripe, fully mature olives. These are cleaned thoroughly to remove the fleshy outer layer, as this inhibits germination. The inner pit contains the actual seed. Since olive seeds are naturally slow to sprout due to their hard coating, a process called stratification — mimicking natural winter conditions — helps break dormancy. This involves soaking the seeds and chilling them in moist sand or peat for several weeks before planting.

Once prepared, olive seeds are planted 2–3 cm deep in well-draining soil mix, kept moist but never waterlogged. Germination can take several weeks to months, so patience is required. While not every seed will sprout, those that do can grow into healthy young olive saplings with proper light, warmth, and nutrition.

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Best Practices for Growing Olive Trees from Seeds

Choose the Right Variety: Not all olive seeds grow true to type. Commercial cultivars are often propagated by cuttings to preserve oil quality. Seedlings may vary, but they are hardy and can still bear fruit.
Soil Selection: Olive seedlings thrive in sandy, well-draining soil with neutral to slightly alkaline pH.
Light Requirements: Place young seedlings in full sun once established. Indoors, position near a bright window until strong enough for outdoor planting.
Watering: Keep soil lightly moist during germination, but reduce watering once seedlings have developed to encourage strong root growth.
Fertilising: Begin feeding once seedlings establish true leaves. Use a balanced fertiliser such as Complete Grow NPK 20-20-20, diluted for young plants, to support early root and shoot development.

While seed-grown olives may take longer (7–10 years) to bear fruit compared to grafted trees (3–5 years), the process gives gardeners the satisfaction of raising olives from scratch and often results in hardy, long-lived trees.

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FAQs About Growing Olive Trees from Seed

Can I plant olives straight from the tree? No. Fresh olives need to be cleaned, de-pulped, and the pit processed before germination. The fleshy fruit contains compounds that prevent sprouting.

How long does it take an olive tree grown from seed to fruit? Typically 7–10 years, compared to grafted trees which fruit in 3–5 years.

Do olive trees grown from seed produce good oil? Seedlings may vary in oil quality and yield, since they don’t grow true to type. For reliable production, cuttings or grafted stock are recommended. Seed-grown trees are best for ornamental use or hobby growing.

What fertiliser is best for olive seedlings? A gentle, balanced feed such as Complete Grow 20-20-20 Liquid or Powder, applied in low concentration, helps seedlings grow strong roots and healthy shoots.